Issues and Challenges in Sustainable Tourism Development

Questions: 1. Understanding current issues related to tourism development planning.2. Understanding the socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts of tourism in developing countries and emerging destinations. Answers: 1. Understanding current issues related to tourism development planning Evaluation of methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of a developing tourism destination such as Okavango Delta Botswana The article, Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana by Joseph E. Mbaiwa portrays the conflict of interest between the local resident of Okavango Delta, Botswana and the hotel companies that have developed in the place to promote enclave tourism (Mbaiwa 2005). Due to its vivid flora and fauna, Okavango Delta, Botswana has been able to attracts foreign tourists but the conditions of the local residents have not become any better. The hotels have been benefitted due to the advent of the foreign tourists but the clash of interest occurs when it comes to the betterment of the loves of the local people. The tourism policy that was implemented in the year, 1990 one such method that has helped in the social development of the place. The foreign tourists are charged hefty amounts if they had to use the local amenities as quoted by the policy (Mbaiwa 2011). Thus, the local people gained from the revenues that the foreign tourists had to pay while visiting the place. Eventually, it decreased the number of tourists as only those tourists can come to the place who can spend more. The charges that the tourists had to pay to use the amenities made the conditions of the local people better than before. Analysis of the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to the Okavango Delta Botswana case study According to the articles, a disparity is been seen between the demand and supply in Okavango Delta, Botswana (Mbaiwa 2005). The rich vegetation and the wildlife are the main reasons behind the high demand of the place among the tourists. Especially, after the advent of the enclave toursim, the demand from the foreign tourists has increased a great deal. On the contrary, the supply is being made through a different source. The local people are deprived if making any supply to the foreign investment and hence, there is minimal upliftment as far as the local population is concerned. The local population is mainly engaged in jobs like maids, drivers, porters and kitchen staffs. To serve the foreign tourists, foreign workers are being hired to serve the managerial posts and other higher-level posts (Mbaiwa 2011). In spite of being a place of high demand among the foreign tourists, the local population can contribute a very less amount of their resources and avail less amount of monetary gains from the foreign investments. Evaluation of the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in the Okavango Delta Botswana case study The moral issue that comes into light is the low level of upliftment for the local populations. The local people are the main driving force of the place. Due to the enclave tourism, the foreign companies invest on a particular area. The area is a part of the land owned by the local people, yet they get the minimal support from the companies. They just get a small amount of money is exchange of the land. The local people are given employment in those posts which require low-skilled workers (Mbaiwa 2005). Taxation is another issue that has arisen due to enclave tourisms. Even if some of the companies work in Okavango Delta, Botswana, yet they are registered outside the place. As a result, those companies do not pay any tax to the government in Okavango Delta Botswana. It has been seen that only 11percent of the tourist companies pay the local tax in Okavango Delta Botswana. Due to the disparity is paying the taxes; the place is not able to get the required social and economic development that it should receive. A place where the local population is mainly dependent on the agriculture and livestock, they suffer a loss due to the advent of the foreign companies. The hotel buildings have taken a huge portion of their land, which were earlier used by the farmers. In addition this, the farmers are not getting enough return from the companies. It is ethically wrong to make use of lands that are the sole way of income for the people living in that place. The waste products that is released from the hotels, affect the nature of Okavango Delta, Botswana. The government is taking no serious measure the than the Tourism Policy 1990. The companies are least interested in preserving the nature, which in turn harms the people, the wildlife and the natural vegetation of the place. 2. Understanding the socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts of tourism in developing countries and emerging destinations Comparing the current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different Thailand is one of the developing countries, where the development of tourism has been seen to a great deal. The main growth of the Thailand tourism took place in the year, 1987 with the advent of the Visit Thailand Year (Hall and Page 2012). Since then the growth has been constant even after the Gulf War that took place in the year, 1991. Economically, Thailand tourism has grown drastically. The growth is called the golden decade of Thai tourisms (Ishii 2012). It has been seen that not only the international tourists but also the local tourists have also contributed to the growth of the tourism (Ghimire 2013). Eventually, the economic standard of the people has risen for the better. The main issue that Thailand has faced due to the advent of tourism is the transfer of funds outside the country (Coren and Gray 2012). As the people are becoming economically strong, they are going for vacations outside the country. As a result, the revenue that the country used to get from the local tr avelers is gradually decreasing (Connell 2013). Another emerging destination in the world, which has come into limelight due to the advent of tourism, is Brazil. For being the host of the upcoming football world cup, Brazil, has caught a lot of tourist attractions. It is the second international destination in South America and has the third most importance in Latin America. A huge percentage of tourists come from South America, especially from Argentina. Thirty-five percent of the footfall of the tourist is from Europe and the 15 percent of the footfall is from the United States (Terrero 2014). The most popular places of interest in Brazil are Rio De Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Salvador de Bahia. However, even if Brazil is gaining importance in the tourism sector, the impact of tourism is creating in the country. One of the major issues is the division between the rich and the poor (Haddad, Porsse and Rabahy 2013). Brazil, which is famous for its art forms is gradually losing its originality. The designs are being changed as per the demand of the tourist and the original form of art is gradually being vanished from the place (Morrison 2013). The indigenous communities are also getting affected due to the impact of tourism. The hotel companies are taking up the land of the indigenous communities to build the hotels and resorts (Graci 2013). As a result, there is a very little amount of land left for the community members (Pablo-Romero and Molina 2013). Hence, it can be seen that when on one hand, Brazil is being positively influenced by the tourism industry, on the other hand, the original art and the same are negatively influencing people of Brazil. Evaluation, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these chosen destinations Economic growth is good but in case of Thailand, it is harming the country in an opposite manner. To decrease the amount of money that is going outside the country, the government can increase the amount of tax payable by the tourists who are going for foreign trips. In this way, only those tourists who can afford to p[ay a huge amount of money will go for foreign trips, while other tourists will go for trips within Thailand. In this ways, the Thailand tourism will have lesser amount of funds going out of the country. As far as Brazil is concerned, the government need to take steps to protect the indigenous communities and look after the people who are the original residents of the place. The art form need to be preserved by the government or else, brazil will lose its original art forms and culture. Before giving permission to any of the company that wants to extend their business in Brazil, the government should first see their area of business. In addition to this, the government should also evaluate, whether the business is harming nay of the indigenous communities. In addition to this, social measures should be taken to see that the advent of the hotel companies is not having any negative environmental impacts in the place. References Connell, J., 2013. Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and commodification.Tourism Management,34, pp.1-13. Coren, N. and Gray, T., 2012. Commodification of volunteer tourism: A comparative study of volunteer tourists in Vietnam and in Thailand.International Journal of Tourism Research,14(3), pp.222-234. Ghimire, K.B., 2013.The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries. Routledge. Graci, S., 2013. Collaboration and partnership development for sustainable tourism.Tourism Geographies,15(1), pp.25-42. Haddad, E.A., Porsse, A.A. and Rabahy, W., 2013. Domestic tourism and regional inequality in Brazil.Tourism Economics,19(1), pp.173-186. Hall, C.M. and Page, S., 2012.Tourism in south and southeast Asia. Routledge. Ishii, K., 2012. The impact of ethnic tourism on hill tribes in Thailand.Annals of Tourism Research,39(1), pp.290-310. Mbaiwa, J.E., 2005. Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.Tourism Management,26(2), pp.157-172. Mbaiwa, J.E., 2011. Hotel companies, poverty and sustainable tourism in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development,7(1), pp.47-58. Morrison, A.M., 2013.Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge. Pablo-Romero, M.D.P. and Molina, J.A., 2013. Tourism and economic growth: A review of empirical literature.Tourism Management Perspectives,8, pp.28-41. Terrero, L. (2014).Social Impacts of tourism in Brazil. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://qualitycoast.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Dossier-Brazil-Social-impacts.pdf [Accessed 29 Jun. 2016].

Mrs. Mann Essay Example

Mrs. Mann Paper The novel Oliver Twist was written in the Victorian period by the famous Charles Dickens, witch was also the period of the industrial revolution. Because the population was very high and still increasing the demand for goods also dramatically increased. With such a high demand the living conditions and goods such as food and clothing severally lacked in quality. The living conditions for the poor people in large cities where very bad, so bad in fact that familys were forced to share one room between themselves. The amendment of the poor law was introduced in 1834, this law was made to disapprove of poor people living in workhouses. Workhouses were horrible places to be, only people who had no other choices would live and work there. People who were in there would be separated according to their gender and age. This novel begins with the birth of Oliver twist, after Olivers mother had given birth she hardly had the strength to hold her own baby in her arms. She gave him one last kiss before she closed her eyes and died. Because his father or family could not be located he was put into a workhouse as an orphan. He was treated terribly, he was fed watery gruel three times a day, an onion twice a week and half a roll on Sundays. They grew so hungry they used to worry they might eat each other dickens used irony to highlight the serious neglect with that quote. The character Mrs. Mann took care of the children but did a terrible job of it. She mistreats the children, Mr. Bumble who is her superior is supposed to check on her but he puts up with her and her wrong doing. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Mann specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Mann specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Mann specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I believe that the only reason Mrs. Mann chooses to look after the children is so she can torment and bully them, to feel that she is bigger and better then them. I think that the society and Mr. Bumble should not have let her get away with such savvier wrong doings and should have let her take care of the children. I think Charles dickens chose the name Mrs. Mann because it reflected the characters personality, she is a manly and strong character. Life in the workhouse was horrible, the conditions where very poor and the children where practically starving. The boys where fed watery gruel three times a day. Oliver along with all the other children was skinny and small. The children chose between themselves who would go up and ask the master for more gruel after supper and in the end it came down to Oliver. So he went and asked, the workhouse governors were horrified at his crime so they locked him in a cell for over a week. Sum one would come in everyday and beat him. Oliver escaped to London and met a character name Jack Dawkins (AKA the Artful Dodger). He took Oliver to a place were he could stay.

Offshoring Essays

Offshoring Essays Offshoring Essay Offshoring Essay International Business Offshoring Introduction Offshoring also known as offshore outsourcing, is defined by firm activities being geographically relocated from the firms domestic country to a lower-cost foreign country (WTO, 2013). Frequently, the operations are offshored from industrialized countries to less-developed countries in order to reduce labor expenses and to leverage the cost advantage. The aim of this report is to explore on the aspect of the offshoring and answer the question is it beneficial to the society. In the further part this report will evaluate on the aspect of reshoring as the process of companies eturning back to home country that is currently taking place. The aim will be to answer the question whether it is as a result of the correction to offshoring or a reaction to a change in circumstances and a rethinking of strategy by companies. Offshoring concept and potential benefits and drawbacks to the society The concept of the offshoring in the increasingly dynamic global market has been introduced as an answer to Multi National Enterprises (here and after MNE) how to stay competitive growing. In the era of globalization and economic turmoil, the idea f gaining competitive advantage has become as a priority. However, shifting production has raised the arguments against the exportation of the Jobs from the home country. This can cause higher unemployment and the exclusion particular jobs from the market. Table 1. 1 presents the percentage of lost Jobs due to offshoring. In some cases, such as Portugal, offshoring accounts for more than 50% (Figure 1) as a reason of lost Jobs (WTO, 2011). Figure 1: Total Job losses due to offshoring announced in the ERM, by country, in 2005. Daniels and Sullivan (2013) pointed that reason for MNE to move low-skilled Jobs to hird part country is to lower the price for their products and services. The price competitiveness determinates competitive advantage and growth of the company. As a result growing company can create new Jobs, higher-skilled and better paid. Recent trends, however, show that in order to stay competitive, MNE are ready to shift more Research of 2,700 US and European companies showed that 700,000 higher-skilled jobs were outsourced in 2009 and another 250,000 will be through 2014 (Daniels, Sullivan, 2013). As Roberts pointed out (2013), to stay balanced with the population rowth between 2002 and 2011 US economy needed around 14 million new Jobs. However, at the end of 2011 there were only 1 million more Jobs than in 2002. Within this period 3,5 million of middle class manufacturing Jobs were lost. 1,188,000 new waitresses and bartenders Jobs were created, lowly paid service Jobs that cannot be offshored. MNE seek for offshoring not only to gain production cost efficiency but also to reach other resources hardly or not available internally. Study of Oshri and Kotlarsky (2009) on strategic drivers and risks of offshoring (Figure 2), based on nterview with Chief Information Officers (CIOs) and Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of 263 European leading companies unveiled the priority drivers for offshoring. In contrast to common belief, Clos and CFOs pointed that access to skills not available internally is more important (64%) that cost reduction factor (41 (Oshri and Kotlarsky, 2011). This can be observed in the example of India. Today Indias higher education institutions produce 4. million skilled workforces annually (Business Standard, 2013), many of them specialized in software engineering, computer chip design, and code writing. This of course affects employees from other well developed countries as Indians specialists and engineers are lower paid. Figure 2: Key drivers of offshoring, source: Oshri and Kotlarsky (2009) Another issue that needs to be considered is the requalification and ability to adapt to Job market by redundant workers. High unemployment causes increasing costs for the government, either to retrain or provide with the benefits for the unemployed. People provided with benefits might struggle to raise money for their children education. They, without sufficient funds to gain higher qualification, may feel excluded from the society. Such situation certainly can affect productivity of whole generation. Furthermore, it was rightly noted by Roberts (2013) that short term strategy of Americans companies to reach profits cause them not only losing their best employees but also the consumers who buy their products. Employees being unemployed or doing lower paid Jobs are less presence in the consumer market. They also provide fewer retirement savings for future investments. Reshoring concept and drivers for MNE Due to increasing costs of offshoring number of businesses are turning to new trend of reshoring, coming back with the production to home country. In the last decade wages in China has gone up by 10-20% a year, faster than the labor productivity. The Chinese government has set a target for annual increases in the minimum wage of 13% until 2015. Moreover, a stronger Chinese currency has made the costs even higher (The Economist, 2013). On the other hand, the costs in the US are falling. It has been caused by lowering wages in some states due to high unemployment and agreements between businesses and unions (The Economist, 2013). This along with the increasing productivity, falling energy prices and come back with their operations. Additionally, oil price (Figure 3) that has been increasing in the last few years. As a result, cost of transportation from China or India has risen significantly. Figure 3: Figure 1. US crude oil prices (based on average prices paid by US refiners for all grades of oil based on EIA data) converted to 2012$ using CPI-Urban data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Due to high costs, in 2012, 37% of American companies with annual sales above $1 billion were planning or actively considering moving production back to US. Further 48% of companies with sales above $10 billion came out as reshorers. Besides the increasing costs of offshoring, many companies faced the dilemma of dislocation of RD hubs from manufacturing sites. In many cases this causes negative effects. Many companies are reluctant to shift their innovation sites to other countries in order to not lose the valuable known-how and intellectual property. Some of the companies, looking for cost cut, moved production to other locations, most often closer to their borders. This new trend, called nearshoring, relates to the shifting the production and service activity to geographically closer locations. Figure 4 shows three clusters where the companies, called clients, located their facilities in distance- limited locations (Carmel, Abbott, 2007). Number of US companies shifted their operations to Mexico and South America. The average wage in Mexico is slightly higher than that in China. The costs of transporting products to US are far lower that from China, and the time of shipping from Mexico is counted in days, not weeks (The Economist, 2013). Figure 4: Global distribution of nearshore destinations and their division into three clusters. Conclusions and Recommendations As a conclusion, number of MNE from developed countries moved production sites and services to lower cost countries. This has been done in order to gain and keep competitive advantage over other competitors. However, over the past few years, businesses have faced increasing costs of operating in offshored countries. Despite that production costs in US might still be higher than in China, the gap has narrowed substantially, and it seems no longer to be a clinching reason for manufacturing in the emerging markets. Separate locations for innovation centers manufacture sites appeared to be a challenge for some companies as well. Problem their face is that host countries such as China, do not provide sufficient regulations to protect the intellectual property. Some firms are concerned about moving to China because of their fear to lose their technology and know-how. Some MNE decided to come back to home country, others relocated their sites to lower production cost countries closer to their borders. However, the aim of the nearshoring is the same as offshoring, cost efficiency, and is good alternative to many companies, not to the society in the home country. Offshoring is trend that will be playing important role ircumstances, the strategy of the MNE will change too. The countries perceived today as a source of low cost labor, have become more and more often seen as a consumer markets. China, after India most popular offshoring destination, is also 2nd the biggest economy in the world, with fast growing middle class and forecast to reach 630 million consumers by the 2022 (The Diplomat, 2013). Population of BRIC countries accounts for around 2. 6 billion, which is around 27% of world population and is still growing (worldometers, 2013). This means MNE will be still going offshore in order to gain their share in those markets. Producing and sending products from one place will not be rational in the few years. Globalisation and developing markets will force MNE to set up nearshoring instead of offshoring in order to be able to recognize and respond to local conditions quick. Increasing pressure for the local responsiveness will lead to multi-domestic strategy where MNE will have to deal with the consumer divergence and host-government policies (Daniels, Sullivan, 2013). The size of the reshoring will depend on the strength of the government and law-makers in the developing countries. Win the businesses over and make them come back to ome country will be one of the greatest challenges for the policy-makers in the coming years. References: Brakman, S. , Garretsen, H. et al. (2006), Nations and Firms in the Global Economy, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, Chapters 3, 4 5. Business Standard (2013), SWOT analysis I India as an offshoring destination, [Online] [Accessed on 26/10/2013] Available from: business- standard. com/article/economy-policy/swot-analysis-india-as-an-offshoring- destination-113070300226 1 . html Carmel, E. Abbott, P. (2007), Why Nearshore Means That Distance Matters, [Online] Accessed on 28/10/2013] Available from: http://auapps. merican. edu/†carmel/ papers/nearshore. pdf Daniels, J. , Radebaugh, L. , Sullivan, D. (2013), International Business. Environment and Operations, Essex, Pearson Education Limited, pp. 57-59, 467-468. G? ¶rg, H. , WTO (201 1), Globalization, offshoring and Jobs, Geneva, WTO Publications. K. pp. 146-185. Our Finite World, (2013), Ten Reasons Why High Oil Prices are a Problem, [Online] [Accessed on 27/10/2013] Available from: http://ourfiniteworld. c om/2013/01117/ten- reasons-why-high-oil-prices-are-a-problem/ Oshri, l. Kotlarsky, J. , Willcocks, L. 01 1), The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring, 2nd edition, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 15. Roberts, P. (2012), America R. I. P. : Death of the Middle Class, Offshoring of American Jobs, [Online] [Accessed on 25/10/2013] Available from: globalresearch. ca/america-r-i-p- death-of-the-middle-class-offshoring-of-american-Jobs/5308637 Roberts, P. (2013), The Offshore Outsourcing of American Jobs: A Greater Threat Than Terrorism, [Online] [Accessed on 25/10/2013] Available from: http:// www. globalresearch. ca/the-offshore-outsourcing-of-american-]obs-a-greater-threat- than-terrorism/18725 The Economist (2013), Coming home, [Online] [Accessed on 26/10/2013] Available from: economist. com/news/special-report/21569570-growing-number- american-companies-are-moving-their-manufacturing-back-united The Economist (2013), Here, there and everywhere, [Online] [Accessed on 26/10/2013] Available from: economist. com/news/special-report/21 569572-after- decades-sending-work-across-world-companies-are-rethinking-their-offshoring The Economist, (2013), The story so far, [Online] [Accessed on 26/10/2013] Available from: economist. om/news/special-report/21 569574-offshoring-has- rought-huge-economic-benefits-heavy-political-price-story-so The Diplomat, Barton, D. (2013) Half a Billion: Chinas Middle-Class Consumers, [Online] [Accessed on 30/10/2013] Available from: http://thediplomat. com/pacific- money/2013/05/30/half-a-billion-chinas-middle-class-consumers/ WorldoMeters, (2013), Current World Population, [Online] [Accessed on 1/11/2013] Available from: worldometers. info/world- population/ WTO (2013), Supply Chain Issues, [Online] [Accessed on 20/10/2013] Available from: wto. org/english/res_e/booksp_e/aid4tradesupplychain13_part2_e. pdf

Here Is the Proper Way to Say Im Cold in German

Here Is the Proper Way to Say 'I'm Cold' in German This sentence may come up quite a bit in Germany, especially during the chilly winters with an often overcast sky: I am cold.   But beware of the direct translation from English.   Common German mistake: Ich bin kaltCorrect: Mir ist es kalt.Obviously, the incorrect version is an anglicism. Ich bin kalt is a typical German mistake that many students make at first. The correct version, mir ist es kalt, uses the dative of ich, namely mir. In essence, you are saying It is cold to me. While many Germans will understand what you mean if you say Ich bin kalt,  the  Ich  word actually refers to the temperature of you specifically, not the air around you. In other words, your body or your personality. Ich bin kalt  translates to mean I have a cold personality, and thats not exactly the kind of thing you want to go around saying if youre new to Germany. By making the Ich dative, you become the recipient of the cold air, which, if you think about it, is actually a lot more accurate. How To Say 'I Am Freezing' In German The rules are a bit different if you want to say you are freezing in German. You can say I am freezing in several ways: As a regular verb: Ich friere.  As an impersonal verb:  Mich friert or Es friert mich.If you want to state that a specific body part is freezing, then that part of the sentence will be in the dative:Es friert mich an  (dative noun). Es friert mich an den Fà ¼ÃƒÅ¸en. (My feet are freezing.)Similarly, you can also say  Ich habe kalte Fà ¼ÃƒÅ¸e. Related Expressions Other expressions stated in the same way as Mir ist es kalt, are as follows: Mir ist es warm. (I am warm.)   Mir wird es warm  . (I am getting warm.) Mir tut (etwas) weh. (My something hurts.)   Mir tut es weh. (It hurts me.) Ihr tut der Kopf weh. (Her head hurts.) Word order can be moved around: Der Kopf tut ihr weh.   (Her head hurts.)   Mein Bein tut mir weh.  (My leg hurts.) Es tut mir weh.   (It hurts me.)

Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Government - Essay Example storical and legal front, the fact that American constitution and history never granted the approval for same sex marriages until recently on state level is another reason put forth by all those who oppose the moves of same sex practices. Going by the previous rulings of Supreme Court in the form of previous cases such as Bowers vs. Hardwick which came forth in 1986 where the actions and practices related to sodomy and homosexuality were declared illegal and illegitimate, and further the case of Romer vs. Evans case in 1996 where the final verdict was upheld as 6-3 against the grant request for allowing homosexual practices on state level, similarly other accounts of proceedings and cases put forth reveal that Supreme Court has been against the concept and practices of same sex marriages. Originally the constitution guarded for the opposite gender marriages. The pattern of same sex marriages became more prevalent towards 1990s when the formally existent law of First Restatement of Conflicts, on Marriage and Legitimacy was questioned and challenged in the court. This law was existent and related to the rulings of 1934. The long practiced customs of opposite sex marriage limitation has been challenged and questioned, both on legal and argument level grounds. It is being termed as the violation of the basic rights to the people. Freedom of expression with regard to their personal life, personal orientations and personal sexual desires and tendencies is also accounted for a reason why the same sex marriage must be allowed for practice and legal approval. As an effort to reduce the domestic expenditure, the forestry spendings is an area where the possible cut is possible. This would help the already incurred heavy losses in the form of 1 trillion plus U.S dollars. It will have positive impact on the different variables and factors associated with the annual budget and the normal living standard of the common American citizens. The possible slash on the forestry

VICA - Enjoy the difference Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

VICA - Enjoy the difference Company - Essay Example From this research it is clear that VICA - â€Å"Enjoy the difference† Company is keen to check the profit and losses incurred by the company. Focus on the workers’ demands is among the company’s major concerns, to develop a rapport between the management and the workers as well as, keep the company on its toes. The target group of the company’s City car falls below 25years while the Large car is persons between the ages of 41-55years. On the part of the City car the vehicle is suitable for short distances, and is affordable for the youngsters. On the other hand, the large car is suitable for the old people who require carrying luggage of varying sizes and moving over long distances. In the first round, the researcher’s group selected the City car and the Large car to be a man product. They found out the City car to be of low price, high volumes and makes the most profit. The group attempted to categorize the different characteristics of the target market. In terms of the City and large cars, the researcher’s group put in focus attributes of comfort, safety, speed, technology and style of the car. The reasons behind the selection of these attributes is that is the age group under the age of 25 years are more concerned with safety, style and technology of the make of the car. Contrary, the age group between 41- 55 years prefer a car that is comfortable, has a sense of style and high technology. In Round 1, the market share was designed in such a way that, it would target 1% of the City and Large cars. However, it proved extremely tasking to fit in the new market, with the competition posed by the gurus. The Company embarked on a mission to produce Citizen-the City car and Lugano- Large car. The two makes of vehicles incorporate a large percentage of the market share that contributes greatly to Round 4. In this round, there indicated a great deal of drop in the market share of the Citizen to 0.95% and Lugano, 1.39%. By th e end of the first year, the Citizens cars stood at 53,300 while Lugano’s was 40,950. The gross margin was 14.52% and 27.46% for Citizen and Lugano respectively. The drop indicated after the first round stood at 9.09% and 1.59% correspondingly. The reason behind this occurrence is the fact that, the number of vehicles selected by the target groups was slightly higher than what had been budgeted for in the earlier

Litmus Milk Procedural Essay Example for Free

Litmus Milk Procedural Essay Litmus milk is a complex medium that can potentially distinguish many species of bacteria. Litmus milk has several components that can be metabolized: lactose (milk sugar); casein (milk protein); and litmus (a pH indicator). If lactose is fermented, the solution should turn pink. If gas is produced during fermentation, you may be able to see bubbles or cracks in the milky medium. If lactose is not fermented and proteins are metabolized instead, the solution will become alkaline and turn blue in color. If casein is digested, the milk will coagulate to form a curd (a solid). Casein may be metabolized all the way down to individual amino acids. This process, called peptonization, results in a clear (not milky) liquid that is usually brown in color. Finally, the litmus may be reduced and become colorless. The culture will then look milk white. Materials: 1. Litmus Milk Broth 2. Bunsen Burner 3. Inoculation Loop 4. Nutrient slant 5. Goggles 6. Lab Coat 7. Incubator Procedure: 1. Get an Inoculation loop and sterilize it using the Bunsen burner. 2. Take bacteria from your nutrient slant on inoculation loop 3. Inoculate a litmus milk tube with the bacteria. 4. Incubate for 72 hours; observe results every 24 hours for 3 days.